Microgrid frequency and voltage regulation is a challenging task, as classical generators\nwith rotational inertia are usually replaced by converter-interfaced systems that inherently do not\nprovide any inertial response. The aim of this paper is to analyse and compare autonomous primary\ncontrol techniques for alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) microgrids that improve this\ntransient behaviour. In this context, a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) technique is investigated\nfor AC microgrids, and its behaviour for different values of emulated inertia and droop slopes is\ntested. Regarding DC microgrids, a virtual-impedance-based algorithm inspired by the operation\nconcept of VSMs is proposed. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can be configured to\nhave an analogous behaviour to VSM techniques by varying the control parameters of the integrated\nvirtual-impedances. This means that the steady-state and transient behaviour of converters employing\nthese strategies can be configured independently. As shown in the simulations, this is an interesting\nfeature that could be, for instance, employed for the integration of different dynamic generation or\nstorage systems, such as batteries or supercapacitors.
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